Glossary

A

Account

An account in the plan.

Account application

The application to be completed and submitted to Path2College, along with payment to open an account and to participate in the plan. It incorporates reference to the plan participation agreement. Most 529 accounts are opened online.

Account owner

The owner of an account in the plan; typically the parent or grandparent, but it does not need to be a family relation.

Active management

An investment approach that seeks to exceed the average returns of the financial markets. Active managers rely on research, market forecasts and their own judgment and experience in selecting securities to buy and sell.

Additional tax

A 10% additional federal tax imposed on the earnings portion of a nonqualified withdrawal.

Asset allocation

The distribution of funds within an investment portfolio among various investment alternatives or asset classes. Typically, asset allocation is expressed in percentages; for example, 40% equities, 40% fixed income and 20% cash.

Asset classes

Different types of investments. Equities (stocks), fixed-income (bonds) and money market (short-term investments) are examples of asset classes.

Back to top

B

Balanced fund

A fund that seeks both growth and income, with stability of principal, through a portfolio that includes both stocks and bonds.

Beneficiary

The future student named by the account owner in the account application who will be using the funds.

Bond

A bond is a type of debt security in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) that borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate. They may be part of a collection or grouping in a bond portfolio.

Back to top

C

Capitalization

The market value of a company’s outstanding securities, excluding current liabilities. Less than $3 billion is generally considered small cap, $2 billion to $10 billion is mid-cap, and more than $8 billion is large cap.

Coverdell Education Savings Account (CESA or ESA)

A Coverdell Education Savings Account is a trust or custodial account created or organized in the United States only for the purpose of paying the qualified education expenses of the designated beneficiary of the account. It may be used to save for K-12 and higher education expenses. Contributions are limited to $2,000 per year per child. This amount is less for higher earners as household income limitations apply.

Custodial account

An account that is created for the benefit of a minor, with an adult (agent, bank, trust company or other organization) as the custodian in accordance with applicable state law. With custodial accounts, control of the account transfers to the beneficiary at the age of majority (18 or 21 depending on the state).

Custodian

An agent, bank, trust company or other organization that holds and safeguards an individual’s account assets for them.

Back to top

D

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “D.”

Back to top

E

Education IRA

See Coverdell Education Savings Account (CESA or ESA).

Eligible educational institutions

An eligible educational institution is any college, university, vocational or technical school deemed eligible to participate in federal student aid programs. This includes thousands of schools in the U.S. and some abroad. Use the Federal School Code Search on the FAFSA website to search for a complete list of eligible colleges, universities and vocational schools.

Entity Account application

This is the account application used by trusts or estates, business entities, Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3) organizations or state/local governments. Download the Entity Account application.

Equities

Also called stocks. A security representing ownership rights in a company. A stockholder is entitled to share in the company’s profits, some of which may be paid out as dividends. They may be part of a collection or grouping in an equity portfolio.

Back to top

F

Family member

A person related to that beneficiary as follows: (a) a son or daughter, or a descendant of either; (b) a stepson or stepdaughter; (c) a brother, sister, stepbrother or stepsister; (d) the father or mother, or an ancestor of either; (e) a stepfather or stepmother; (f) a son or daughter of a brother or sister; (g) a brother or sister of the father or mother; (h) a son-in-law, daughter-in-law, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law; (i) the spouse of the beneficiary or of any of the other foregoing individuals; or (j) a first cousin of the beneficiary. For this purpose, a child includes a legally adopted child and a brother or sister includes a half-brother or half-sister.

Fixed-income securities

Also called bonds. Essentially, these are loans made to a government or corporation (called the issuer) to raise cash. Fixed-income securities have a maturity date, which is the date the issuer is obligated to repay the principal, or face amount, of the bond. Bonds also generally pay you interest until their maturity date. They may be part of a collection or grouping in a bond portfolio.

Back to top

G

Growth fund

A mutual fund that generally invests in stocks of companies believed to have above-average potential for growth in revenue and earnings. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average prices in relation to such measures as earnings and book value.

Back to top

H

High-yield bond

A bond that has a rating of BB or lower and that pays a higher yield to compensate for its greater risk. Also known as junk bonds.

Back to top

I

Index fund

A passively managed mutual fund that seeks to match the performance of a particular market index.

Inflation-indexed securities

Bonds issued by the U.S. government, government agencies or corporations whose principal and interest payments—unlike those of conventional bonds—are adjusted over time to reflect inflation.

International stock fund

A mutual fund that invests in the stock of companies located outside of the United States.

Investment portfolios

The plan investment options in which you may invest your contributions.

IRA

Individual retirement account (IRA) is a tax-deferred or tax-free retirement account established by an individual that permits the individual to set aside up to a certain amount per year, with earnings tax-deferred until withdrawals begin at age 59 1/2 or later or, in the case of a Roth IRA, are tax-free on withdrawal. See a tax advisor for more detailed information.

IRS

The Internal Revenue Service is the nation’s tax collection agency and administers the Internal Revenue Code enacted by Congress.

Back to top

J

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “J.”

Back to top

K

Kiddie tax

A special tax law that applies to dependent children under the age of 18 at the end of the tax year (or full-time students younger than 24) who have unearned income that is in excess of an annually determined threshold. Extra income beyond this threshold becomes taxable at the guardian’s rate.

Back to top

L

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “L.”

Back to top

M

Medallion signature guarantee

This is a special signature guarantee that ensures the authenticity of a signature for the transfer of a security and is available from many domestic banks, trust companies, credit unions and other financial institutions.

Money market fund

A mutual fund designed to provide safety of principal and current income by investing in securities that mature in one year or less, such as bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and U.S. Treasury bills. Money market funds seek to maintain a stable $1 net asset value. Money market funds have the lowest risk of any type of mutual fund but may offer the lowest potential for gains.

Mutual fund

A professionally managed portfolio of securities that pools the assets of individuals and organizations to invest toward a common objective such as current income or long-term growth.

Back to top

N

Net Asset Value (NAV)

Also known as share price. The market value of a mutual fund’s total assets, minus liabilities, divided by outstanding shares.

Back to top

O

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “O.”

Back to top

P

Passive management

A low-cost investment strategy in which a mutual fund attempts to match—rather than outperform—a particular stock or bond market index; also known as indexing.

Portfolio

A collection of financial investments, such as stocks, bonds and cash equivalents, as well as their mutual, exchange-traded and closed-fund counterparts held by an investment company, hedge fund or individual.

Program Manager

The program manager for the Path2College 529 Plan is TIAA-CREF Tuition Financing, Inc. (TFI).

Back to top

Q

Qualified higher education expenses

Qualified higher education expenses include tuition, certain room and board expenses, fees and the cost of books, supplies and equipment required for the enrollment and attendance of the beneficiary at an eligible educational institution. Computers and related technology such as internet access fees, software or printers are also qualified when used primarily by the beneficiary when enrolled at an eligible educational institution.

Additional expenses include certain enrollment and attendance costs of a special needs beneficiary at an eligible institution. For more information about qualified withdrawals, click here.

At the federal level and in Georgia, qualified education expenses also include apprenticeship programs registered and certified with the Secretary of Labor under the National Apprenticeship Act, tuition in connection with enrollment of attendance at a K-12 public, private or religious school and student loan repayment. If you are not a Georgia taxpayer, these withdrawals may include recapture of tax deduction, state income tax as well as penalties. You should talk to a qualified professional about how tax provisions affect your circumstances. K-12 withdrawals are limited to $10,000 per year for K-12 tuition. Student loan repayment subject to a lifetime limit of $10,000 per individual when using a 529 plan.

Qualified withdrawal

Any withdrawal from an account used to pay for the qualified higher education expenses of the beneficiary at an eligible educational institution.

Withdrawals for K-12 tuition expenses at a public, private or religious elementary, middle or high school, registered apprenticeship programs certified with the Secretary of Labor under the National Apprenticeship Act, and student loans can be withdrawn free from federal and Georgia income tax. If you are not a Georgia taxpayer, these withdrawals may include recapture of tax deductions, state income tax as well as penalties. You should talk to a qualified professional about how tax provisions affect your circumstances. K-12 withdrawals are limited to $10,000 per year for K-12 tuition. Student loan repayment subject to a lifetime limit of $10,000 per individual when using a 529 plan.

Back to top

R

Recapture

In addition to the taxation of the earnings portion of withdrawals other than qualified withdrawals, any portion of a rollover to another state’s qualified tuition program, a taxable withdrawal, or a non-qualified withdrawal that is attributable to contributions previously deducted for Georgia income tax purposes will be taxed to the Account Owner in the year of the withdrawal or rollover. The amount to be added to the Account Owner’s Georgia taxable net income will be determined by multiplying the non-earnings portion of the total funds withdrawn or rolled over by the proportion of contributions in the Account at the time of such withdrawal or rollover that have previously been deducted for Georgia income tax purposes. Georgia law does not specifically address the state tax consequences to the Account Owner if someone other than the Account Owner makes a contribution to the Account, and the Account Owner subsequently makes a withdrawal or rollover that would trigger a recapture of prior contribution deductions.

Rollover

A tax-free transfer of funds from one qualified 529 plan to another within a specific time frame, usually 60 days. You are permitted to transfer funds from another 529 college savings plan to an account in the Path2College 529 Plan for the same beneficiary once within a 12-month period without incurring federal income tax. A rollover contribution into an Path2College account is not eligible for the state income tax deduction. The 529 college savings plan from which you are transferring funds may be subject to differences in features, costs and surrender charges. You should consult with your tax advisor or the other 529 college savings plan. State and local taxes may apply.

Back to top

S

Section 529

Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Service Code, the section that specifies the requirements for qualified tuition college savings programs (529 plans).

Securities

The general name used to describe stocks, government obligations, corporate bonds or ownership rights, such as options or futures.

Successor account owner

The person designated by the account owner to succeed to ownership of the account upon the account owner’s death.

Back to top

T

Taxable withdrawal

Any withdrawal from an account that is:

1. paid to a beneficiary of, or the estate of the beneficiary on or after the beneficiary’s death or attributable to the permanent disability of the beneficiary;
2. made if the beneficiary receives a scholarship award or veterans’ or other nontaxable educational assistance (other than gifts or inheritances), but only to the extent of such scholarship or assistance;
3. made when the beneficiary attends a military academy, but only to the extent of the costs of education attributable to such attendance; or
4. equal to the amount of the beneficiary’s relevant qualified higher education expenses that is taken into account in determining the beneficiary’s HOPE Scholarship/American Opportunity Tax Credit or Lifetime Learning Credit.

TIAA-CREF Tuition Financing, Inc.

TIAA-CREF Tuition Financing, Inc. (TFI) is an affiliate of TIAA, a financial services organization with more than 100 years of investment experience.

Total return

A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, adjusted to reflect the reinvestment of all dividend and capital gain distributions.

Back to top

U

UGMA

Uniform Gift to Minors Act. Laws adopted by most states allowing an adult to contribute to a custodial account in a minor’s name without having to establish a trust or name a legal guardian. Thus, minors can have securities bought and money invested in their names, but the custodian is responsible for managing the funds in the account. The custodian has a fiduciary duty to manage the account prudently, but once the minor reaches the age of majority, he/she has complete rights to the funds in the account. The assets are the legal property of the minor, and the parent has no legal control over the uses of the proceeds of the account. All withdrawals from the account are taxed at the minor’s rate. Putting money into a UGMA account can negatively impact the chances for financial aid because financial aid officers may weigh children’s assets more heavily than parents’ assets.

Unit

An ownership interest in an investment portfolio that is purchased by making a contribution to an account.

UTMA

Uniform Transfers to Minors Act. Law that extends the Uniform Gift to Minors Act’s definition of a gift to include real estate, fine art, patents and royalties.

Back to top

V

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “V.”

Back to top

W

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “W.”

Back to top

X

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “X.”

Back to top

Y

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “Y.”

Back to top

Z

There are no glossary terms that begin with the letter “Z.”

Back to top

0-9

1099Q

An IRS form an individual receives if withdrawals were made from a 529 or Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) during the previous tax year. The form is used by the individual to fill out both federal and state tax returns.

Back to top